Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies

Introduction Contemporary business settings are characterised by dynamic competition trends that have compelled companies to implement robust communication strategies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Businesses such as the Benetton Group and Yeo Valley are examples of organisations that have been forced to implement various marketing objectives using different theoretical frameworks that define their advertising strategies. The circumstances under which the marketing strategies have been executed have resulted in either advantages or disadvantages to the companies. Some of the marketing strategies that have been applied in marketing include campaigns and shock value advertising techniques. However, the way in which the advertising techniques are applied to the targeted audience and environment can be unfavourable. T his essay provides an analysis of the marketing communication strategies that have been implemented in the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies by examining their impacts on the society and environment. Advertising Objectives of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies Communication strategies play a critical role in any business that is deemed to accomplish its operational goals. A critical analysis of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies provide a clear understanding of the advertising objectives that are geared towards the promotion of their esteemed products. The Yeo Valley Company has executed its advertisement strategies based on six core objectives that include basic goal achievement, information, persuasion, message, communication, and recapitulating consumers (De Pelsmacker, Geuens, Van den Bergh 2010). However, the management of the company realised that the consumers were unaware of the organic products among other brands. In addition, they constantly swayed by negative perce ptions that the organic products were expensive (Belch Belch 2011).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation compelled the company to inform consumers about the dairy product with a view of improving its sales volume (Stevens, Kearney, Maclaran 2013). Through its management, the company also realised that the constant information that was passed to consumers ensured transparent operations. Persuasion has been used as advertisement tool in an attempt to fit in the highly competitive UK market. In this strategy, it is assumed that the information created in the minds of consumers remain permanent for repeat businesses. As a result, the messages should be unique, impressing, and pleasant (Belch Belch 2011). The advertising objective of Benetton Company is different from the normal purposes of advertisement. The company tends to embrace provocation and controversia l advertising techniques. Their principal advertising goals are based on creating the awareness of social issues globally using the â€Å"shock value† advertising approach (SandÄ ±kcÄ ± 2011; Hall 2010). The theoretical frameworks that explain strategies of Benetton and Yeo Valley companies Theories of Social Learning and Selective Perception The social learning theory has been broadly used in the Benetton Group. The creative designer, Mr. Toscani, identified that many customers had a high affinity for information that was acquired through processes such as surveillance, ridicules, and demonstration. This situation led to the acquisition of varying purchasing behaviours amongst the consumers. This theory explains that most consumers learnt through observing the conducts of others (Belch Belch 2011). A marketing strategy that was used by the creative manager the Benetton Group targeted adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds and geographical locations (Borgerson 2009) . The plan was to outfit the individuals in dissimilar shades that were developed by the organisation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This set of circumstances revealed a culture of unity that was being upheld by the management. The consumers readily commended the operations of the company by sending them praise messages. The strategies were meant for changing the viewpoints of the consumers on the products of the company’s brand. This state of play improved the recognition of the brand across transcultural and geographical boundaries that led to opening of more branches in France, Germany, England, Japan, and other places (Servaes Tamayo 2013). The modern society composed of consumers who are faced with environmental, medical, social, racial, and economic issues among others. Such matters can insight a se nse of powerlessness (Virvilaite Matuleviciene 2013). This situation raises a need for creating awareness of the predicaments and various ways of alleviating them to the society. For example, a picture portrays the reality of an issue. Some advertisements that were used by the company featured partisan issues while others emphasised on maladies such as AIDs. At one instance, the creative manager conducted an advertisement using the photograph of a victim that was taken at the point of death. The opinions of the consumers on the products were different as some asserted that the adverts boosted the sales while others had developed negative attitudes towards the advertisements concerning racism, homosexuality, and slavery. An example is an advert used by the company where a white child was being breastfed by a black woman. To some customers, this situation reminded them of the slavery time while others perceived it as unity among different coloured people (Brennan Binney 2010).Advert ising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Benetton Group has also adopted the theory of selective perception. The approach to advertising holds that individuals have a tendency of choosing, analysing, and categorising various situations based on the external business settings with a view of developing apt solutions to perceived problems (Rideout 2011). The model also reveals that consumers only consider some characteristics of the market environment. Through this theory, the management noted that consumers unintentionally chose information based on their perceptions that were derived from past occurrences. Most of its consumers gave different opinions concerning the techniques of advertisement that were used in the company. The perceptions of consumers concerning such advertisements guide their reactions towards the brand (Ailawadi et al. 2009; Belch Belch 2011). Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour The tenets of the reasoned action and planned behaviour models entail dogmas that guide the determination of consumer conducts that have direct or indirect influence on the advertisement practices of the company (Belch Belch 2011). They are also based on the assumption that the considerations and perceptions of culture by different individuals can lead to the endorsement or condemnation of particular advertisement strategies. Finally yet importantly, it is also assumed that the dogmas that are held by particular individuals determine the choices of accepting or rejecting the behaviours of others (Drumwright Murphy 2009). On the other hand, the Yeo Valley Company determined that some consumers were guided by defined philosophies, insolences, and perceptions of specific products. This situation led to the association of organic products with extravagance. This situation led to a partial purchase of products from the company (Belch Belch 2011). After the implementation of the theories of planned behaviour and reasoned action, the sales of the organic products eventually started increase g radually. This state of affairs resulted from the changed perceptions, thinking, and behaviour of the consumers towards the dairy products owing to the advertisements that were enticing and entertaining (Belch Belch 2011). The reasoned action theory postulates that a person’s intention to perform a duty is influenced by its attitude towards such actions and the norms that are held by such an individual. The Yeo Valley Company successfully implemented this theory in carrying out their promotional campaigns. A research that was done by the company indicated that most consumers were unaware of most organic products such as yoghurt brands. Others also felt that such products were expensive; hence, spending a lot in them was unnecessary. The attitudes of both consumers and staff were seen as the main factors that contributed to the low brand awareness. The management changed their plans towards ensuring brand awareness. This practice was done by embracing the theory of reasoned a ction to modify the consumers’ attitudes towards costs and organic dairy products. The advantages of the organic products included their state of being environmental friendly, relatively cheap, and convenient. Such properties improved the sales significantly (Dzewaltowski 2010). Theory of planned behaviour has also been embraced by the Yeo Valley Company to not only increase the knowledge and brand awareness but also to change the attitude and perceived norms towards the organic products. The implementation of this theory led to the prediction of a number of consumer behaviours and attitudes towards the dairy product. A perceived change in their attitudes was deemed crucial in promoting the sales volume of the brand. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the advertising campaign that Benetton used for many years, and the type of companies that use shock value advertising effectively The advertisement campaigns used by the Benetton Company received both positive and negative imp acts on almost equal magnitudes. The major idea that was implemented in the advertisement process was unique since it embraced lifestyle instead of the usual brand recognition techniques. One of the advantageous aspects of the various advertisements used was that the company promoted peace and racial harmony. This situation was evident where teenagers and children from diverse cultural backgrounds around the world were dressed in colourful Benetton attires (Sokolowski 2010). In addition, a launch was conducted with two slogans namely â€Å"All the colours of the World† and â€Å"United Colours of Benetton† with a view of promoting both the colourful clothing designs of the company and world’s cultural diversity. Another advantage was the positive promotion of relevant aspects of life. This practice was done intentionally to switch the focus of viewers and consumers to embrace relevant matters that pertained to the public (Frunza 2015). Most posters and other tec hniques of advertisement showed various aspects of life that were unadulterated and uncensored. This set of circumstances ensured a positive change of attitude towards people’s social responsibilities in life. Such advertisements addressed social problems such as war deaths, AIDS as a crisis, environmental issues, political violence, and war exiles among others. Strong brand awareness and image reputation were also brought to the Benetton Company due to the use of shock advertising campaigns (Virvilaite Matuleviciene 2013). Most consumers were attentive to the various news and controversies that existed. As a result, many viewers and consumers worldwide regarded the company as socially responsive. This situation made the company improve its publicity. The Benetton Company standing also elevated owing to a particular advertisement that featured in a renowned colour magazine concerning the youths. The advertisement was written in diverse dialects in an attempt to address racia l segregation by embracing a common understanding among varied groups of people. Besides the above benefits that were associated with the company’s advertisement techniques, various disadvantages were also identified. At the outset, advertisements that addressed people’s ideas offended many consumers. For example, many people criticised some advertisements that had the Blacks and Whites in the same photos. Some of the viewers perceived the situation as a reminder of slavery and exploitation by the UK and the USA. The Black women breastfed White babies during the slavery periods; hence, the situation portrayed slavery aspects. The company’s management successfully addressed the critics by maintaining that the photographs symbolised togetherness, goodwill, and oneness. Another disadvantage was portrayed by the Benetton Company’s advertisements concerning religious and sexual conflicts where an advert portrait displayed a priest kissing a nun. In addition, t wo children demonstrated an immoral conflict where a White child represented an angel while the Black child represented a devil. The Black child had his hair done in such a way to show the horns of a devil. This state of art indicated stereotyping of god and evil in the society. The Types of Companies that should use â€Å"Shock Value† Advertisement Every business has an objective to achieve its advertisement objectives in an attempt to ensure improved sales and sustained productivity. This situation can be achieved through excellent marketing techniques (Wang, Yu, Wei 2012). One aspect that ensures the promotion of various businesses is shock advertising that entails the use of graphic imageries and blunt slogans to advertising public policies, goods, and services among other functions. However, sometimes the advertisement can be provocative, crass, and politically contradicting. According to Morgan (2013), most of the public issues that are related to health such as the pr omotion of STD prevention, discouragement of drug abuse, and creating the awareness of gender or racial discrimination among others are advertised using shock advertisements. Companies that perform low in their various business activities should implement the shock value advertisement (Kautonen, Van Gelderen, Tornikoski 2013). The poor performance of such entities can be due to lack of brand awareness or inadequate information on brands. Such companies can be in a position to revive their performance in the markets using advertisement and promotions that catch immediate attentions. They use shock-advertising techniques to create an emotional connection with customers to ensure awareness of brands and for the publicity of such enterprises. Urwin and Venter (2014) posit that organisations that embrace the awareness of social issues as their main objectives should be allowed to use the shock-value advertisement techniques solely. For instance, companies that promote good behaviours fo r the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and prohibition of drug and alcohol abuse should conduct the practice. Charities and non-profit organisations are some of the well-known entities that embrace ‘shockvertising’ as a form of Public Service Announcement (PSA). Analysis of the Yeo Valley Advertisement Campaign in the year 2010 and the Churned â€Å"Forever† Campaign in 2011 The modern marketing concepts heavily rely on communication that is directed towards customer satisfaction, which is perceived based on their behaviours, beliefs, tastes, and preferences as well as their cultural backgrounds among others (Mathews-Wadhwa 2012). Marketing communication ensures an effective application of various factors that include persuasion, goal orientation, excellent contact points, and information conveyance (Hackley 2010). The communication process entails various steps that ensure successful transmission of information. The process entails encoding of the inf ormation by the sender who uses a selected channel to pass it to the receiver. The receiver decodes the message and provides feedback. Prior to the advertisement campaign carried out by the Yeo Valley (sender), the company first identified a problem (consumer perceptions of expensive, organic products) that needed a solution. A plan that entailed the use of internet and television to advertise the product was initiated (Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros 2015). This plan was designed to reverse the consumers’ ideas to prefer the dairy products. The company preferred the use of market communication by putting into consideration an open, soft, fun, and sociable language to address consumers. The brand (Yeo Valley) was designed to ensure that consumers approached the brands of dairy products that were offered to them. To harmonise the use of the brand and customer expectations, the company also focused on changing the face of the organic food categories. This product was made availab le to every consumer in the UK region (Minowa, Maclaran, Stevens 2014). The Yeo Valley Company developed its own YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter links that featured interviews, recipes, various advertisements, and footages besides online games such as the ‘Farmony’ that were used to educate the children and other consumers on various products offered by the company (Mangold Faulds 2009). The Churned â€Å"Forever† campaign featured an inspired faming ‘boy band’ track that was titled ‘Forever’ (medium). The campaign was designed by the Yeo Valley Company (sender) to advertise the organic dairy brand. This advertisement was done on television through the ITV Show of the X Factor (channel). The campaign was filmed in various regions such as Blagdon and Somerset where the original farms were located. The management also went ahead to use the ITV talent shows and Facebook blogs among others to improve the competition. The ‘Boy bandâ₠¬â„¢ music promoted the virtue and importance of organic farming. It elaborated ‘Live in Harmony’ campaign that was designed by the Yeo Valley Company to promote sustainable organic production across the UK. The company pass the information on organic farming techniques and the West Country roots to the consumers using the strategies (Harben Kim 2010). To implement the strategy effectively, the company created a television commercial ‘Rap’ that was geared towards changing the main customer expectations of various organic brands that it offered. This situation was made possible using music to ensure that the idea was shared among many consumers in a fun way. The advertisement on TV was viewed through various channels on the X Factor entertainment platform, online competition, and company website (Fishbein Ajzen 2011). Effects of Marketing Communication Strategy to Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies on the Society Marketing communication strategy has ensured the change of consumer’s perceptions of the advertisement techniques and information about products or services. The Yeo Valley Company has currently transformed the perceptions of the UK consumers by adopting advertisement campaigns. Before the advertisements, the perceptions of most consumers of dairy products in the country were that organic products were expensive. This situation resulted in minimal consumptions of such products (Pomering Johnson 2009). The general production of organic products by the people of the UK was also marginal due to the perception that the practice was involving. However, after the advertisement campaigns, the people’s perceptions were changed. Today, the consumers both within the UK and within other countries benefit from the use of the organic dairy brands. ‘Shockvertising’ as used by the Benetton Company has caused stronger feelings and reactions to the consumers (Parry et al. 2013). The society’s perceptions of the adverts cut across the advantages and disadvantages. Some of the consumers felt favoured by the brands while others felt marginalised. While others commented positively on the bold stance, the company had taken to speak about social issues that were ignored (Mikhailitchenko et al. 2009). Conclusion Various objectives of market communication have been critically examined in the essay by providing an insight into the advertisement practices of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies. From the discussions, it is realised that the companies have different reasons for conducting advertisement. For example, the Yeo Valley Company mainly advertised to create awareness of the organic products and farming to customers while the Benetton Group only focused on the creation of awareness of social issues that were different from the products they offered. Market communication should be addressed thoroughly since it can result in either benefit or loss to an entity. References Ailawadi, K, Beau champ, J, Donthu, N, Gauri, D Shankar, V 2009, ‘Communication and promotion decisions in retailing: a review and directions for future research’, Journal of Retailing, vol. 85 no. 1, pp. 42-55. Ashley, C Leonard, H 2009, ‘Betrayed by the buzz? Covert content and consumer-brand relationships’, Journal of Public Policy Marketing, vol. 28 no. 2, pp. 212-220. Belch, G Belch, M 2011, Advertising, and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, McGraw Hill, New York, NY. 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Frunza, M 2015, ‘Advertising, Gender Stereotypes and Religion.A Perspective from the Philosophy of Communication’, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, vol. 14 no. 40, pp. 72-91. Hackley, C 2010, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach, Sage, London. Hall, S 2010, ‘Encoding, Decoding’, Social Theory: Power and identity in the global era, vol. 2 no. 1, p p. 569-599. Harben, B Kim, S 2010, ‘Political opinion leadership and advertisement attitude: The moderating roles of cognitive and affective responses to political messages’, The Social Science Journal, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 90-105. Kautonen, T, Van Gelderen, M Tornikoski, E 2013, ‘Predicting entrepreneurial behaviour: a test of the theory of planned behaviour’, Applied Economics, vol. 45 no. 6, pp. 697-707. Mangold, W Faulds, D 2009, ‘Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix’, Business Horisons, vol. 52 no. 1, pp. 357-365. Mathews-Wadhwa, A 2012, The Best Online Videos Engage, Enlighten Viewers: 6 Tips. Web. Mikhailitchenko, A, Javalgi, R, Mikhailitchenko, G Laroche, M 2009, ‘Cross-cultural advertising communication: Visual imagery, brand familiarity, and brand recall’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 62 no. 10, pp. 931-938. Minowa, Y, Maclaran, P Stevens, L 2014, ‘Visual Representations of Violent Wome n’, Visual Communication Quarterly, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 210-222. Morgan, S 2013, ‘Patterns of innovation in the dairy processing sector in South West Wales’, Regional Science Policy Practice, vol. 5 no. 4, pp. 417-434. Parry, S, Jones, R, Stern, P Robinson, M 2013 ‘Shockvertising: An exploratory investigation into attitudinal variations and emotional reactions to shock advertising’, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol. 12 no. 2, pp. 112-121. Pomering, A Johnson, L 2009, ‘Constructing a corporate social responsibility reputation using corporate image advertising’, Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 106-114. Rideout, L 2011, ‘Representations of the Third World in NGO advertising: Practicalities, colonial discourse and western understandings of development’, Journal of African Media Studies, vol. 3 no. 1, pp. 25-41. SandÄ ±kcÄ ±, Ãâ€" 2011, ‘Shock tactics in advertising and implications for citizen-con sumer’, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 1 no. 18, pp. 42-50. Servaes, H Tamayo, A 2013, ‘The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness’, Management Science, vol. 59 no. 5, pp. 1045-1061. Sokolowski, O 2010, International Strategic Leadership: Case study of Benetton Group. Web. Stevens, L, Kearney, M Maclaran, P 2013, ‘Uddering the other: Androcentrism, ecofeminism, and the dark side of anthropomorphic marketing’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 29 no. 1, 158-160. Urwin, B Venter, M 2014, Shock Advertising: Not So Shocking Anymore. An Investigation among Generation Y’, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 5 no. 21, pp. 203. Virvilaite, R Matuleviciene, M 2013, ‘The Impact Of Shocking Advertising To Consumer Buying Behaviour’, Economics and Management, vol. 18 no. 1, pp. 134-141. Wang, X, Yu, C Wei, Y 2012, ‘Social media peer commun ication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework’, Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol. 26 no. 4, pp. 198-208. This case study on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies was written and submitted by user Mckenz1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Coaching Youth Soccer essays

Coaching Youth Soccer essays Coaching children at a young age is an extremely rewarding and challenging experience. Over the last two years I have had the privilege of organizing and coaching my sons soccer teams. These teams consisted of six, seven, and eight year old children, many of whom were playing soccer for the first time. Coaching inexperienced children is a unique challenge, and a good coach strives to give everyone a rewarding experience by establishing a positive foundation in soccer. Therefore, good coaches must be teachers, role models, and master communicators. When coaching children of this age it is important that three main teaching principles be maintained. First, fun. The players must have fun during practice and in the games. Their laughter and smiles will make them want to come back and continue to play the game over and over again. Second, participation. All players should be involved at all times. Long lines and long talks tend to create lapses in attention and draw focus away from the game or practice. Practice exercises must be designed so all players are actively involved and are not simply standing around. Third, success. It is essential that the players achieve a high level of success in the practices. Success is obtained by teaching the fundamentals of the game and nurturing a childs self-esteem. Players must not be forced to participate in difficult activities that cause frustration and resentment, but those that foster positive feedback and attainable goals. As a coach, I had to research and interpret the rules and strateg ies of soccer, then explain them to my team. Arming my players with the facts of the game sets them up for success in the actual competitions. A good coach sets an example for the youth on his team by looking the part, being organized and ready for practice, and exhibiting patients. An enthusiastic tone is important, along with plenty of positive feedback to the children. ...

9 famosos a los que EE.UU. negó o cancelo la visa

9 famosos a los que EE.UU. negà ³ o cancelo la visa Los ricos y famosos tambià ©n tienen problemas con las visas americanas, siendo muy variadas las causas por las que no se les deniega la solicitud de visa o se le cancela la que ya tienen. En la lista de famosos que sigue a continuacià ³n se pone de manifiesto que entre las causas ms comunes por las que se convierten en inelegible para una visa no inmigrante o inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos es el consumo de drogas. Menos comà ºn pero tambià ©n frecuente se dan casos de relacià ³n con el narco, conducta violenta o presuntamente delictiva y presencia ilegal en el paà ­s. Sin visa americana por asunto de drogas Diego Armando Maradona. El astro argentino del fà ºtbol vio rechaza su peticià ³n de visa de turista cuando pretendà ­a viajar a Disney con sus hijas y su nieto Benjamà ­n Agà ¼ero. Aunque en la prensa se hizo eco de que la causa de la negacià ³n de la solicitud podrà ­an haber sido las simpatà ­as polà ­ticas de Maradona por Cuba y el gobierno bolivariano de Venezuela lo cierto es que à ©se no es motivo. Aunque la Embajada de Dubai, que fue la que rechazà ³ la peticià ³n, no ha aclarado el asunto, puede razonablemente pensarse que el pasado de consumo de drogas de Maradona jugà ³ su papel. Y es que las drogas, tanto el trfico como el mero consumo son razà ³n principal para que se cierre la puerta a Estados Unidos. Si Maradona quiere mostrar al Ratà ³n Mickey a su nieto, siempre le quedar Parà ­s, ya que Disney Japà ³n tampoco lo podr visitar. Y es que el gobierno de Tokio tambià ©n le ha denegado la visa alegando su consumo de drogas. Recientemente, el astro argentino solicità ³ de nuevo la visa y le fue negada. En la prensa se seà ±alà ³ como posible causa el haber insultado pà ºblicamente al presidente Donald Trump. Amy Winehouse. La fallecida estrella de la cancià ³n britnica no puedo obtener una visa de trabajo para actuar en directo en los Grammy 2008. El consumo de drogas fue la causa. La cà ©lebre cantante tuvo que conformarse actuando desde su Gran Bretaà ±a natal và ­a satà ©lite. El famoso cantante de ranchera y actor mexicano Pablo Montero sufrià ³ en su carne la cancelacià ³n de una visa. Si la razà ³n fue una equivocacià ³n, como dicen algunos, o una portacià ³n de droga ilegal para consumo propio, como alegan otros, es un misterio. Que hubo cancelacià ³n de visado, es un hecho. Incluso el ex presidente colombiano Ernesto Samper sufrià ³ en su propia piel una cancelacià ³n de su visa americana. Nadie dice que el mandatario haya consumido ninguna substancia ilegal ni tampoco que haya traficado. Pero sus lazos poco claros con ciertos elementos del narcotrfico fueron suficientes para justificar que se quedara sin visado. Un ejemplo de que no es necesario tocar la droga directamente para que el asunto tenga consecuencias en la visa es el de la bellà ­sima modelo y empresaria colombiana Natalia Parà ­s. Vivà ­a ya en Miami cuando al viajar a Colombia a renovar la visa se encontrà ³ con que no podà ­a ser. Paris es viuda de Julio Cà ©sar Correa Valdà ©s, un presunto narcotraficante con quien tuvo una hija. Y es ser familiar inmediato de un narco es, por ley, causa para quedarse sin visa. Por à ºltimo, en este apartado tambià ©n se encuentra el incidente sufrido por la cocinera y presentadora britnica Nigela Lawson, quien fue sacada de un avià ³n ya a punto de colocarse para despegar hacia Estados Unidos. Previamente el ex marido de Lawson la habà ­a acusado pà ºblicamente de consumo de drogas. Sin visa por presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos La actriz, cantante y conductora de televisià ³n Dorismar entrà ³ en Estados Unidos en 2002 como turista sin visa en un momento en el que los argentinos estaban incluidos en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Se quedà ³ en Florida y triunfà ³. Hasta que un dà ­a, cuatro aà ±os ms tarde, las autoridades llamaron a su puerta y la deportaron por estar ilegalmente en el paà ­s. Se cree que hubo una denuncia previa de una colega que alertà ³ a la migra. Desde entonces, no ha podido regresar a EEUU.ya que el castigo por presencia ilegal por su accià ³n es de 10 aà ±os. Asuntos pendientes En ocasiones, las visas se cancelan temporalmente o no es posible obtener una hasta que se soluciona favorablemente un asunto judicial pendiente. Esto afecta tambià ©n al privilegio de viajar a Estados Unidos sin visa por ser ciudadano de un paà ­s incluido en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Eso es lo que le pasà ³ al cantante y D.J. britnico Boy George, quien tenà ­a un asunto pendiente de detencià ³n ilegal y tambià ©n afectà ³ a Lily Allen, quien se perdià ³ los MTV Music Awards de 2007 hasta que se resolvià ³ un presunto ataque a un fotà ³grafo. Sin visa americana por corrupcià ³n 9Las relaciones poco claras con el gobierno Fujimori le ha valido la cancelacià ³n de la visa a la conductora de televisià ³n peruana Laura Bozzo tener que dejar de transmitir su programa para toda Latinoamà ©rica desde Miami y dejar deshabitada su mansià ³n en Florida. Quien sà ­ tiene visa a pesar de reportes en sentido contrario La sexà ³loga cubana Mariela Castro, hija de Raà ºl y sobrina de Fidel, sà ­ que ha tenido visa para visitar EEUU cuando asà ­ lo ha solicitado. En ocasiones su tramitacià ³n se ha demorado ms de lo habitual y se ha llegado a publicar que le negaban la visa. Pero finalmente siempre se le ha aprobado, a pesar de que sus viajes a EEUU son siempre muy protestados. Americanos sin visa para ingresar a otros paà ­ses Estadounidenses ricos y famosos tambià ©n se han visto en problemas en otros paà ­ses. Asà ­, Paris Hilton se encontrà ³ con que le prohibà ­an la entrada a Japà ³n. En una situacià ³n parecida se encuentra reina de los hogares Martha Stewart no puedo conseguir una visa para el Reino Unido. Stewart estuvo en la crcel cumpliendo pena por haberse ilegalmente aprovechado de informacià ³n confidencial para conseguir ganancias en la Bolsa. Un caso insà ³lito pero real es el de una estadounidense profesional que reunà ­a todos los requisitos para una visa de inmigrante (tarjeta de residencia) para Nueva Zelanda se encontrà ³ con que su solicitud fue rechazada por estar tremendamente gorda. La razà ³n argumentada por las autoridades de ese paà ­s fue que serà ­a una carga para el sistema de salud pà ºblico. Puntos clave: famosos sin visa americana Estados Unidos puede negar o cancelar cualquier visa no inmigrante a cualquier persona que considere inelegible para la misma o inadmisible para ingresar al paà ­s.La causa ms frecuente de la negacià ³n o cancelacià ³n de la visa a famosos extranjeros est relacionado con el consumo de droga o và ­nculos con el narco. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

University education should be free Research Paper

University education should be free - Research Paper Example ss amount of money per public college student and state funding of the students and universities has been lowered or even cut to half as in California. â€Å"Education has long been seen as a principal source of economic mobility. But for years now public education, and especially public higher education has been under attack† (Reiff). Several educational reforms and financial planning could be carried out to make university education free for the students, because it would not only facilitate the students but also help in lowering the overall cost of educational budget. The fees for tuition, boarding have been inflating for the past 20 years, inspite of that the public universities have to make cuts in the various services and educational programmes in order to compensate for the deficiencies in the budget. Free university education for every person would be a possible solution to the current inflation and economic dearth. â€Å"Not means-tested, not cheap, not subsided, but free. For everybody† (Reiff). This could be made possible by implementing the tax payment, hypothetically 6 percent to the university which would provide the undergraduate degree. Those who earned more would pay more and who earned less would have to pay less, but at the end every person would have the privilege of having an undergraduate degree. Students will not have to work long hours in order to finance their university education, which not only affects their performance but also puts them under large debts they cannot pay (Reiff). Inability of United States to provide free higher education proves to be a downfall when compared to other developed countries which provide free university education. University education is not only an important determinant of the economic progress but also determines the employment rate in the state. â€Å"Currently, only 30% of Americans who start college or university end up graduating, and this represents a huge waste of time and money† (B. Samuels). If as

The differences between Eudicots and Monocots plants Coursework

The differences between Eudicots and Monocots plants - Coursework Example The author has rightly presented that every plant has two main systems a root system and a shoot system, a root system consists of roots and branch roots and the shoot system contains stem, branches, and leaves. Roots are responsible for providing the plant with water and other minerals contained in the soil. It also anchors the plants and holds the plant to the ground. The stem has the responsibility to transport water minerals from roots to the leaves and branches and food and oxygen from leaves to other parts. Leaves carry the responsibility of making food for the plants through the process of photosynthesis. The plant can make its food by itself combining carbon-dioxide and sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. The vegetative parts of a plant are root, stem, and leaves but flowers, fruits, and seeds are its reproductive organs. Flowering plants produce seeds of two basic types, monocots, and Eudicots. There are many differences between the Monocots and Eudicots. In monocots, there is only one cotyledon in the seed but in Eudicot plants, the seed has two cotyledons. In monocot plants, the root xylem and phloem are distributed in a ring while in Eudicots root phloem is the xylem. In monocots, the vascular tissues are there on the stem in a scattered form but Eudicots have its vascular tissues distinctly arranged. Leaves veins in monocot plants are formed in a parallel pattern while Eudicots have a leave veins in a net shape.

Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical Thinking Essay Strong critical thinking (CT) skills are necessary for every successful nurse manager. Giving them an edge at creating a positive work environment, that is conducive to job satisfaction and retention of staff RNs. This study is entitled, â€Å"Critical Thinking of Nurse Managers Related to Staff RNs’ Perceptions of the Practice Environment. † The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) was used to measure critical thinking in nurse managers in relation to their respective staff RNs. Enhancing critical thinking skills is important, staff RNs that work in an environment perceived to be positive are in a better position to deliver higher quality and safer patient care. As nurses we are responsible for helping a patient every way we can, being able to engage in critical thinking is a skill that must be obtained. This study was based off of twelve volunteering nurse managers and their respective one hundred and thirty-two staff RNs. Assessment of Nurse Manager’s Critical Thinking Skills This study (Critical Thinking of Nurse Managers Related to Staff RNs’ Perceptions of the Practice Environment) used the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) to measure CT skills in nurse managers in relation to their staff RNs. This study was conducted in a nonprofit, hospital in the northeast United States. This study was completely voluntary, only thirty-one percent of nurse managers chose to participate, leaving the pool of staff RNs slim. This article is about a study that took place in the northeast United States at a 490 bed nonprofit, tertiary care hospital. The study explores,† the differences between nurse managers’ dispositions to use critical thinking skills and their respective staff RNs’ perceptions of the practice environment† (Zori, Nosek amp; Musil, 2010). This study was completely voluntary and with a limited number of nurse manager participants, the number of staff RNs was also very limited. Nurse Managers need to have good leadership skills and critical thinking skills; these skills are assed in comparison to those of their respective staff RNs. Research Question amp; Hypothesis There is a correlation between the Critical thinking skills of Nurse Managers and their respective staff nurses perception of the practice environment. Nurse Managers skilled in the use of critical thinking, may be able to create a positive practice environment for staff RN’s. Positive practice environments means increased retention of staff RN’s and improved job satisfaction. Sample of the Study Twelve nurse managers and one hundred and thirty-two staff RN’s were sampled. The study was conducted at a 490-bed voluntary, nonprofit, tertiary care hospital located in the northeastern United States. Only nurse managers who voluntarily chose to answer the CCTDI were included in the study (31. 6%). Sample size limited the ability to address how the difference in type of unit and full- or part-time work may influence the outcome. Descriptive Study In this descriptive study nurse managers were categorized as weak or strong in critical thinking dispositions based on scores achieved on the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). Then, staff RNs from the units of participating nurse managers completed the Practice Environment Scale (PES). Staff nurses’ Practice Environment Scale (PES) results were dichotomized based on the critical thinking disposition scores of their nurse managers. A two-tailed, independent sample t test was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in the Practice Environment Scale(PES) mean overall and subscale scores of the two groups of staff RNs (Zori, Nosek amp; Musil, 2010). CCDTI was created based on the APA Delphi Study. Reliability testing was conducted, with an overall score of . 90. The CCDTI is therefore considered reliable. Practice Environment Scale PES was developed from Nursing Work Index (NWI). Reliability testing of the final 31 items was conducted on both individual nurse scores and on the aggregate of subscale scores. Individual nurse subscale scores (n = 1,610) were analyzed using Cronbach’s ? , with ? gt; . 80 for all subscales except the collegial nurse-physician relations (? = . 71). The nurse manager ability, leadership, and support of nurse’s subscale scored the highest. The results are reliable. The PES has been endorsed by the National Quality Forum and is used by the ANA as part of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators to measure staff nurse job satisfaction (Lake, 2007). Enhancing critical thinking skills and dispositions of course managers may help to create positive work environments for staff RNs. Staff RNs who work in an environment perceived to be positive may be in a better position to deliver high quality, safe patient care (Zori, Nosek amp; Musil, 2010). Table One Table one, of the article is entitled, â€Å"Nurse Manager California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) Score Distribution and Standard Deviation by Subscale. † This table breaks down the CCTDI Scale into seven subscales: truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analyticity, systematicity, CT confidence, inquisitiveness, and cognitive maturity (Zori, Nosek amp; Musil, 2010). The table also shows the minimum score, maximum score, mean score, median score, and standard deviation for the twelve sample nurse managers. Table Two Table two of the study entitled, â€Å"RN Staff Nurses’ Practice Environment Scale scores by Nurse Managers’ Critical Thinking (CT) Dispositions. † According to the study, â€Å"As this table indicates, there are significant differences in PES scores when they were compared based on their nurse managers’ strength or weakness on the CCTDI subscales of analyticity, systematicity, open-mindedness, and critical thinking confidence† (Zori, Nosek amp; Musil, 2010). The biggest difference between staff nurses and nurse managers scores were in the truth-seeking subscale (strength versus weakness), within the nurse-physician relationship. Limitations This study was conducted in one medical facility in the northeast United States. This may not be a proper representation of the whole population of nurse managers and their respective staff nurses. Also the nurse managers who participated did so by choice and were not required to, therefore, the number of staff RNs were limited to those whose nurse manager participated. Out of thirty-eight nurse managers only twelve chose to participate, this limited the three hundred and twenty-seven possible staff RNs down to one hundred and thirty-two. If there were more willing participants then the findings could be better generalized to the entire nurse manager population. My Findings and Improvements Nurse Managers skilled in critical thinking create a positive environment for staff RN’s resulting in increase in job satisfaction and retention of RN’s, decreasing job turnover. This study is extremely important because the World Health Organization (WHO) anticipates the RN shortage to reach 285,000 by the year 2020. If I was conducting this study, I would look at part-time vs. full-time employees, and areas of practice. Is burn-out more noted in critical care areas? Statistical Procedure, Methodology amp; Measurement This was a voluntary survey conducted at one tertiary hospital. A t-test was conducted. Scores of 40 or above were considered strengths, and scores of 39 and below were weakness. Scores on inquisitiveness and cognitive maturity were all in the strength range. Final Analysis As nurses we must use critical thinking every day, nurse managers are no exception to this. This study shows that by having a nurse manager who has strong critical thinking skills, the staff RNs respond positively.

Essay --

Jonathan Santosgonzalez Dr. Mike Pettengell ENG 102 10 March 2014 Art History Assignment: Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci a Tuscan hill town in the territory of the republic of Florence, son of wealthy Messer Piero Fruosini di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary and Caterina, a peasant. His full name was Leonardo di ser Pierro da Vinci, the title ser indicated that his father was a gentleman. There is not too much known about his early years only that he lived in the home of his mother until 1457 and then in the household of his father in the small town of Vinci. At the age of fourteen, in 1466, Leonardo was apprenticed of the artist Andrea di Cione, whose workshop was one of the best in Florence. Leonardo was exposed to both theoretical training and a vast range of technical skills, including drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics and carpentry as well as the artistic skills of drawing, painting, sculpting and modelling. According to Vasari: Leonardo collaborated with ...

Cybersex: Human Sexuality Essay

Human sexuality is an enormous part of a human life and people are constantly faced with sexuality challenges. As the world evolves, ideas and inventions are voiced and created to make life better for everyone and the internet is one of these creations becoming an essential part of many lives all over the world. Cybersex is a growing form of sexual expression over a computer where people get arousal through typed text, video, images and spoken voice (Waskul : 2003). Because cybersex is so wholly person, yet so wholly impersonal creates many interesting qualities in the phenomenon (Waskul: 2003). With the internet rapidly becoming one of the most used tools in the world, it seems only an easy and curiousity driven progression that relationships arousal is experienced via technology. The underlying question of this innovation is whether or not cybersex will transform human sexuality or is it merely a backward step for society? In an investigation performed of online users, three types of cybersex participants were established. Firstly, there were the recreational users who perform cybersex for curiosity and entertainment. Secondly, the sexual compulsives who use it for sexual desires and lastly the at –risk users who rely on internet interaction, have a definite addiction which leads them to becoming isolated, living solely from this fantasy world (Cooper:2000). Cybersex is a virtual environment with convincing representations that become real through their outcomes (Waskul:2003). The manifestations of cybersex allows people to react to them as if they were real which is how we come to the conclusion of Cybersex having the three types of users, the level of addiction depending on how deeply persuaded someone is. Cybersex used in control is healthy and no different to watching pornography. However, it can grow from transforming human sexuality to being very problematic and as we can tell from above, if not done in moderation it will have harmful effects. The vast number of sexually- oriented online chat rooms is a huge reflection of the immense ranging sexual interests that are now spreading throughout cyber space. New forms of identity as well as intimate liaisons are being created all the time. Be it â€Å"sexually active women, men, teenage and adult homosexuals, closeted and open bisexuals, people with multiple sex partners, part-time or full-time sex workers† or trans genders, all have found a new means to build their solidarity through the internet (Castells:1996). The internet mediated environment has become a very important channel through which individuals are freeing their embodiments which help to further pronounce their sexual practices. People always try and find ‘closure’ amongst feelings or ideas which are not settled. People tend to feel more clear headed if they can pin theirs, or someone else’s sexuality down to a label. The qualities of cyber space liaisons make it possible for identities to be truly â€Å"fluid†(Castells:1996). Identities are no longer fixed but instead taken up, created and explored, mixed and matched, and eventually given up only to try out a series of other sexual identities (Castells:1996). Nowhere else is this identity formation process more actively carried out then on the internet. What leads someone into a potentially dangerous and addictive area is when they do not give up their online identity and pursue the one that is true to them in the real world. They resort to the online cyber space to free themselves from the fake persona they have created outside this fantastical world. Cybersex is an escapist method for some people, diverting their sexual struggle away from the focus of society. The cyberspaces’ anonymity allows a person to freely follow their sexual desires and curiosity without the pressure and possibility of ridicule from society. This could go two ways. Either this expression will help them become more comfortable in their own skin which in turn, helps them be honest in the real world, or it could have the opposite affect with it becoming counterproductive to an individual (Cooper:2000) Someone could get so used to this gratification away from the public eye that it becomes an addiction. However for those individuals who don’t use it as an escapism and purely to connect with the sexual minorities it could potentially transform sexuality. There is now an application on the i-phone called ‘grinder’ in which a gay boy can sign up and it will search for all the other same orientated people within a five kilometre radius of you. You can chat with someone and see if you like talking to them, and if so, this progresses to meeting up in person if both parties are willing. It seems to be of great advantage to those looking to connect with other like minded sexual beings. Cybersex is extremely accessible, and anyone can sign on practically anywhere, anytime. It could be argued that this is a brilliant innovation where bodies, sex and society are interrelated for the first time that it is transforming people and their sexuality through its availability (Waskul:2003). One does no longer have to wait to have sexual interaction by relying on someone else, it is all on your terms. If this is just as exciting to someone having the absence on a real body, opposed to actually having one, then it’s hard to argue against there being a problem because you are causing no direct harm to anyone else if you use cybersex safely. If an individual is confused about their sexuality, the internet is very accessible and affordable where they can seek experience to try and come to a realization of their orientation within themselves. But is this always healthy? As I mentioned before, it can help someone to become more open, but on the flip side, it is very negative. If someone is faced with a situation where they are actually gay but married to the opposite sex and have a job where their boss is a homophobic, it seems almost incomprehensible that they could ‘come out’ and live a happy life. Driven by their distress and/or unhappiness, they resort to online arousal with the same sex. Cybersex could just be an avoidance of sexual issues someone is facing. It is important to consider whether cyberspace is a new virtual world? Which is merely a progression and natural development from the outside, physical world, or is it purely a fantastical world which makes it impossible to ever look at it with objectivity as a transformation of modern physical world. People tend to modify and refine their values and actions in response to what society views as acceptable (Cooper:2000). An individual could pose as anyone they wanted. In a sense, most people do this in some form every now and then, whether it be them sending a text as someone else or they are an actress so take on the role of another individual. The difference is over the internet they don’t have the conscience of others judging them so are more likely to get more deeply involved in their false personality. With the anonymity one receives online, they no longer have the force and influence of society helping them guide them in a suitable direction. The characteristics of online interaction could potentially make someone act in a harmful way. They begin to not be considerate of other people’s needs and wants, and instead go about cybersex in a very egotistical manner. On the flip side, it could help someone to grow as an individual, allowing them to change their opinion with the click of a mouse and explore different areas of themselves and ways on interacting with another being (Castells:1996). This can shift boundaries f the rigid ideas society has of what a relationship should and shouldn’t be, developing ones sexuality greatly. Sex is a big part of sexuality, but there are so many more components to discovering ones sexuality such as mental, emotional and spiritual which cybersex seems to ignore. Does cybersex just boil down to the pure physical side? Sex is a very important part of any relationship but cybersex full emphasis is on sex (Waskul:2003). It seems to stray away from the enormity of the subject of se xuality and only be for physical arousal. I’m sure this can develop sexuality, but it is hard to see it transforming if it ignores these other important areas of the subject. As people pursue pseudo intimate relationships, will this have an effect on their ability to have a real world relationship? They are satisfied from this online experience so don’t feel the desire to try and make a real life one work which is much more difficult. But satisfaction is probably the extent of happiness one would get from cybersex, where a real life person could exceed this satisfaction. In an interview I did of one of my friends who takes part in cybersex, she comments in response to this paragraph â€Å"well you may think that real life relationships are better, but I don’t see it that way. There is a detachment from emotions so I don’t need to fear being hurt. Its all very practical, I get my excitement but there is never any down side to it for me. Im just as happy as anyone else†. It is important to make a distinction between people who do it for get rid of the ache or longing for real physical sex, and ones who merely want a good time and fun experience. It’s a tough debate to see if people who are against cybersex are because they are conventional and have a set idea of the meaning of sex or because they see it merely as a commodity where the negative effects rule out every positive one and the commodity is a terrible backwards step for the progression of sexuality in society. Cybersex relies on accessibility, so what does this mean for third world countries? It can only transform sexuality with those countries that have access to internet. In a sense, cybersex is completely dependent on region, and something that is going to have transforming effects needs to be available to everyone. This phenomenon may have begun with good intentions, but society has perverted it. It does enhance sexuality but only within a definite circle (Cooper:2000). As soon as you move outside these lines its side effects overwhelm its positive potential. It is an individual’s free choice to par- take in cybersex. It is very important to step back and think about the meaning of â€Å"sex† and perhaps it should be something that goes beyond momentary gratification or is this once again, a view which has been socially constructed? Cybersex is a topic which has many opposing arguments and it is hard to reach a settled opinion on the matter. Like I have stated throughout this essay, there are many negative effects to the internet sensation but there are negative effects to anything in life. I don’t think it has the potential to transform sexuality as due to the characteristics of it most people would be uncomfortable. All it really boils down to an individual’s personal choice and if they can use it wisely and approach it with wariness.

Political philosophy Essay

1)How does an agent reason about Lock’s options in a single-play dilemma? In the state of nature, there are four preferences. The first preference is to attack and not be attacked. The second preference is to not attack and not be attacked. The third preference is to Attack and be attacked. The fourth preference is to not attack and be attacked. 2)Was Bramhall justified in calling Hobbes’ Leviathan a â€Å"rebel’s catechism†? Yes. According to Bramhall, if everyone where to decide when to obey the sovereign and when to disobey the sovereign, then we would let ourselves be ruled over at our own pleasure. If at anytime we felt it was inconvenient to be ruled over because we felt threatened, then there is no stability, and thus we have a rebel catechism, or a doctrine and reason for us to rebel due to Hobbes rebellion cause of being able to succeed when threatened. 3)Why would agents in a Lockean state of nature want to leave it for a civil society? 4)What does Locke’s law of nature require of rational beings? Locke’s law of nature requires that you a being must preserve yourself at all costs and at all times. 5)How des Locke differ from Hobbes on the question of whether there is property in the state of nature There is no property in the state of nature in Hobbes, it is just man vrs man. For Locke, you can have a property in the state of nature, which is from the labor of your hands. Locke has two conditions which is you must leave as much and as good for others and you must not take more of God’s creations than you need. 6)What is the â€Å"paradox of being governed† and does Locke’s theory suffer from it? The paradox of being governed is how can a group of people being unruly, promote a person to rule them, if that person was original from that group of unruly people. Another point is how the people can be ruled by a ruler if they themselves appoint a ruler. Are you truly being ruled if you can hire an fire a person who is ruling you. Locke does not suffer form this relationship. 7)How does the agent reason about his options in a coordination game? A coordination game is a scenario in which society wins rather people win individual. Driving on the right side of the road is an example. 8)What is Hampton’s notions of a governing convention and how does such a convention come about? The governing convention comes about when you solve the coordination game. It comes of War and Majority vote and maintains unless it is undermined by the majority rule. It comes about when people come together. 9)In Hampton’s theory, what is the difference between convention consent and endorsement consent? Convention consent is I support Obama, he doesn’t win, but I still approve of the government Endorsement consent is I support John McCain, he wins, and I continue to support him. 10) What is Hampton’s Stratification solution to the paradox of being governed?

John and Teresa bought Blueacre Essays

John and Teresa bought Blueacre Essays John and Teresa bought Blueacre Essay John and Teresa bought Blueacre Essay John and Teresa bought Blueacre. They are hence regarded as co-owners of the belongings. There are two chief signifiers of co-ownership. John and Teresa can keep the belongings either as joint renters or renters in common. Differentiation separates between the two types of co-ownership. One differentiation is the mode of creative activity and the 2nd is that joint occupancy is recognised as jurisprudence while occupancy in common operates in equity. A 3rd differentiation respects degeneration of belongings on decease of either Teresa or toilet. Joint occupancy simplicities estate dealing because figure owner of estate lessenings on decease. It is a signifier of ownership that jurisprudence favor. Occupancy in common on the other manus obtains favour in equity. The figure of estate owner addition on decease. Personal representatives of asleep renter are entitled to the deceased portion. In joint occupancy, renters hold the legal involvement in the estate jointly. On death of one of the renters, the lasting renter will automatically take the portion of the asleep renter. This is one of the exclusions of degeneration of estate without demand of a will. Thus, joint occupancy can non be severed by a will. Solicitors outlining a will must guarantee that the gift of belongings can go through under the will. The canvasser must break up joint occupancy before put to deathing the will. Failure of gift due to skip of the canvasser makes him apt in carelessness [ 1 ] . On the other manus, occupancy in common operates in equity and oblige a trust of belongings in favor of other renters keeping good involvement in belongings. Interest of deceased renter in the belongings will go through to his personal representatives. A differentiation in formation of joint renter and a renter in common will be conducted. A joint occupancy can be created where there is nil incompatible with its creative activity. Basically, there must be nil in renters act and behavior to propose that they intend to keep distinguishable involvement from each other. Besides, the undermentioned integrities must be applicable to obtaining rubric: Time: The involvement of the co-owners must enthrone at the same clip. Therefore, where two people obtain the same belongings at the same clip, there will be said to be integrity of clip. Basically, John and Teresa in this instance look to hold acquired involvement in Blueacre at the same clip. Title: Where the co-owners obtained rubric by the same agencies and by virtuousness of the same papers there will be unity if rubric. The co-owners must hold acquired their rubric by virtuousness of the same mode of geting ownership [ 2 ] . In this instance, it appears that rubric in Blueacre was transferred to Teresa and John by virtuousness of the same papers. Interest: Another component of joint occupancy is that the co-owners must hold indistinguishable involvement in the belongings. In this instance, Teresa and John involvement in Blueacre is indistinguishable. They can both separately exercising claim and control to the whole of the belongings. It is difficult to see any difference in the rubric held by either of them. Possession: Co-owners must hold equal right to ownership of the full belongings without any disaffection of portion of the belongings entirely to the sole ownership of any of the co-owners. Joint renters enjoy ownership of the whole belongings together [ 3 ] . The regulations sing creative activity of joint occupancy are rigorous. It must follow with the four unites explained above and there must non be any act inconsistent with creative activity a joint occupancy. Any act either by words or actions which tend to set up separate involvement to belongings will contradict the decision that a joint occupancy is created. The tribunals held the undermentioned words to contradict the creative activity of a joint occupancy [ 4 ] . Between’ [ 5 ] , to divide between’ [ 6 ] , share and portion alike’ [ 7 ] , equally’ [ 8 ] . Occupancy in common is preserved by the subdivision 36 ( 2 ) Law of Property Act 1925. This provides that no rupture of a joint occupancy of a legal estate, so as to make a occupancy in common in land, shall be allowable, whether by operation of jurisprudence or otherwise, but this subdivision does non impact the right of a joint renter to let go of his involvement to the other joint renters, or the right to break up a joint occupancy in an just involvement whether or non the legal estate is vested in the joint renters: Provided that, where a legal estate ( non being settled land ) is vested in joint renters beneficially, and any renter desires to break up the joint occupancy in equity, he shall give to the other joint renters a notice in composing of such desire or make such other Acts of the Apostless or things as would, in the instance of personal estate, have been effective to break up the occupancy in equity, †¦.. The consequence of this subdivision is that although it is non allowable to break up legal articulation renter, it is still possible for the just occupancy in common to run. The subdivision besides introduced serverance by manner if notice. Finally, the subdivision continue the earlier method of rupture of joint occupancy. As opposed to joint occupancy, occupancy in common is non every bit perfect as joint occupancy and all that is required is merely the integrity of ownership of the belongings. Therefore, there is no demand that the other integrities be present in a occupancy in common. Besides, when the four integrities are present as in joint occupancy, it may still represent a occupancy in common where there is clear purpose by the renters to handle their involvement in the belongings as separate. Furthermore, where the renters make unequal parts towards the purchase of the belongings, there is a rebuttable given that the parties intend to make occupancy in common. Besides, where the belongings is a commercial belongings, the right of survivorship will be unequal in commercial investing in belongings. However, the four integrities are present in Teresa and John’s ownership of Blueacre . They both obtained and exercised ownership to the whole belongings. They both enjoyed indistinguishable involvement to the belongings. They both acquired involvement to the belongings at the same clip and eventually, they acquired their rubric to the belongings by the same means. Finally, there is nil incompatible with creative activity of a joint occupancy in their instance. Therefore, their ownership of Blueacre will be as joint renters. The temperament by Teresa’s will of her involvement in Blueacre to the kids has no consequence. This is because John has right of subsister in the estate and joint occupancy can non be severed by a will. The right to survivorship is a legal devise towards easing temperament of estate. Rupture of joint occupancy must be in conformity to jurisprudence. There are assorted methods of break uping a joint occupancy. The simplest method is by notice created by subdivision 36 ( 2 ) LPA 1925. The notice where sent by station, must be registered and served. For service to be effectual, it must be posted to the aforementioned topographic point of residence or concern, office, or counting-house, and if that missive is non returned undelivered ; and that service shall be deemed to be made at the clip at which the registered missive would in the ordinary class be delivered. [ 9 ] The tribunal inWilliams V. Hensman[ 10 ] identified three methods of break uping a joint occupancy. These are: Act of anyone of the individuals interested runing upon his ain portion. InFirst National Securities V. Hegarty[ 11 ] , the hubby purported to mortgage the belongings by hammering the signature of his married woman. The tribunal treated this as break uping the joint occupancy and the mortgage operated as a charge on the husband’s involvement in the belongings. Common understanding. Joint occupancy can be severed by understanding. This understanding may be expressed or implied from the behavior of the parties. InBurgess V. Rawnsley[ 12 ] , the claimant and the suspect bought a belongings and each contributed every bit towards the purchase monetary value. The claimant claimed that the belongings was bought as a household house since he had purported to suggest matrimony to the suspect. The suspect was minded to populate in the upstairs flat and the claimant ever lived in the downstairs. It was besides accepted in grounds that the suspect had antecedently agreed to sell her portion of the belongings to the claimant which she later refused. On decease of the suspect, the complainant claimed as the subsister of joint occupancy. The tribunal held that there was no common intent and there was a resulting trust in favor of defendant’s personal representatives. Course of covering sufficient to adumbrate that the involvements of all were reciprocally treated as representing a occupancy in common. InBurgess V. Rawnsley[ 13 ] , the tribunal besides held that negotiations which, although non otherwise ensuing in any understanding, indicate a common purpose that the joint occupancy should be regarded as severed [ 14 ] Forfeit. This is where one of the joint renters engages in dangerous offense. For case where lasting renter kills the other renter. The rule is that offenders must non profit from their incorrect. InDunbar V Plant[ 15 ] , here, the plaintiff’s boy and the suspect had planned to acquire married and when there was allegation of fraud against one of the twosome, they planned joint self-destruction. The suspect survived and her lover died. The tribunal held that the suspect had aided, abetted and counselled the deceased’s self-destruction and as such the forfeiture regulation applied to break up the joint occupancy. InCarr and others V. Isard and another[ 16 ] , the first claimant was the senior girl of T and G. The first suspect was the girl of the younger girl of T and G. T and G bought a belongings as joint renter. Both T and G made volitions made by the same house of canvassers in 1967 but there was no grounds that they were both cognizant of the fact that the other party made a will. The term of G’s will was that the belongings should travel to T for life and balance to the first defendant’s female parent and if she predeceased G to the 2nd claimant. Thymine by his will bequest to G for life and the balance to first defendant’s female parent and if she predeceases G, to the first suspect. T died go forthing a will dated 23 November 1977 well the same as the 1967 will. G dies in 2000 go forthing a will dated 26 January 1996 different in footings as the 1967 will. The tribunal held that there is no grounds that T and G communicated their purpose to break up the joint occupancy. Consequently, the term of the 1967 will does non so break up the joint occupancy. The purpose to break up the will must be ambiguous from the act of the parties and they must hold been cognizant of the Acts of the Apostless break uping the joint occupancy. Making a will without the other party’s cognition is non plenty to break up joint occupancy. Therefore, unless Teresa severed the joint occupancy by notice or understanding, temperaments of her portion in Blueacre every bit between the kids has no consequence. John has right to survivorship in Blueacre . However, if John and Teresa had visited the canvasser together to do Teresa’s will and John had cognition that she disposed of Blueacre in mode incompatible with joint occupancy. Therefore, the joint occupancy would severe by mutualness of understanding. The fact the John’s consciousness of the mutual exclusiveness is overriding. This means that Teresa’s temperament in her will must be given consequence to and her involvement in Blueacre would travel to her donees. The same decision will avail if they both made volitions incompatible with a joint occupancy and they are both cognizant of the fact of the mutual exclusiveness. The fact in this scenario will be the same with that inWoolnough, Re, Perkins V Borden[ 17 ] , Len and Emmy owned belongings as joint renters. They both went to solicitor fain of the belongings by will. The issue before the tribunal was whether or non the joint renter had been severed. The tribunal held that the devising of two volitions is inconsistent with the continuation of the joint occupancy. Bibliography Cases: Bull V. Bull ( 1955 ) 1 QB 234 Burgess V. Rawnsley ( 1975 ) 1 Ch 429 Carr and others V. Isard and another ( 2006 ) ALL ER ( D ) 343 Dunbar V Plant ( 1989 ) FLR 157 First National Securities V. Hegarty ( 1984 ) 1 ALL ER 139 Heathe V. Heathe ( 1740 ) 2 Atk 121 Lashbrook V. Cock ( 1816 ) 2 Mer 70 Lewen V. Dodd ( 1595 ) Cro Eliz 443 Peat V. Chapman ( 1750 ) 1 Ves Sen 542 Woolnough, Re, Perkins V Borden ( 2002 ) WTLR 595 Legislative acts: Law of Property Act 1925 Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act ( TOLATA ) 1996 Textbooks: Barlow, King A ; King, Wills, Administration and revenue enhancement: A practical Guide Sweet A ; Maxwell 8ThursdayEdition Judith-Anne Mackenzie A ; Mary Phillips, Textbook on Land Law, Oxford University Press 12ThursdayEdition.

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay If you already have a personal loan, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people don’t bother changing their loan and stick with a loan rate that doesn’t reflect the best deal. By using our search tool to compare loans, you can compare offers available from loan providers in the UK including both personal loans and homeowner loans. A loan is an amount of money you borrow from your bank or any financial institution, usually over a fixed period of time, which is repaid at regular intervals. Interest is charged and added to the original loan amount, and other charges, such as an Administration Fee, may apply to the loan as well. Generally, there are 2 types of loans secured and unsecured loan. Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Unsecured personal loans are available for a range of different amounts and repayment terms. Larger loans such as those for over  £10,000 can usually be taken over longer terms, for example between seven and 10 years, and the maximum you can borrow is about  £25,000. Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. The most common personal loans are fixed, which means repayments are set at a certain amount over a set period of time. Vari able loans are also available, although this means that your interest rate is dependent on the bank base rate and could fluctuate. When choosing a loan you should pay careful attention to the APR, the Annual Percentage Rate, this is important because it tells you how much you are paying back. Secured loans Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Payday Loans Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. Th e interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. Payday loans are intended only as a short term arrangement. As with an overdraft, payday loans should not be seen as a long term solution.

Explanatory Synethisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Explanatory Synethisis - Essay Example Therefore, class inequality does not only affect provision of basic needs, but is a stigma that stratifies the society and binds individuals to static cocoons, which determines their quality of life. People in the lower income class in the society face daunting task trying to catch up with the rest in the social mobility dynamics and are sometime forced to lag behind their peers in higher classes. Locke suggests that a child born in a lower social class has a disadvantage not only in meeting their basic needs, but also in finding better schools and enough learning time to accelerate their learning process compared to their peers in higher social classes. The Economist (2005) in the article, Middle of the Class stresses that American education at the secondary school level is influenced by local property taxes, which suggests those living in high class area have more taxes to equip their schools with more resources than in middle and low class areas. To make it worse as the article ex plains, the increasing of college fees at state colleges that used to help children from poor families made the situation worse for people like Locke. Education is the key to a better future and the roles and responsibilities in a society are pegged on the level and standard of education in schools. Consequently, children from wealthier families will grab the top cream jobs due to the high standard of education received, leaving the poor children with lower rank jobs based on the low standard of education received. This makes it difficult for those in the lower social ranks to achieve the required social mobility in catching up with their peers in careers later in live, which increases social stratification levels. To bridge this gap, Yglasius (2012) proposes a system that ensures more funding in early education to equalize the rich and the poor. The motivation in this system is to help the disadvantaged poor students in attending the best schools, which would catapult them to bette r job opportunities similar to their wealthier peers. Social inequalities in the American society can be partly bridged by providing the less endowed with social security programs such as Medicaid, which facilitates all to have access to healthy living despite their classes. Yglasius recognizes the role that social security programs such as Medicaid have played in the society, though he laments that these programs have suffered from the effects of the recession and their effectiveness has significantly declined (Yglasius, 2012). In other words, Matt proposes programs that encourage pooling of resources to ensure both the higher and lower class citizens have similar quality of services, though there has to be proper management of such programs to realize this dream. In â€Å"Middle of the Class,† the article recommends improvement of policies that may lessen social inequality such as funding education for poor children, though the article recommends that Americans have to real ize there is a growing problem of social inequality in the country. This suggests it is only through pooling of resources that everyone would be carried along and not through the excesses of American capitalism that increases inequality in the society by increasing